Smoking Rates and Cessation Strategies in Hong Kong

have Rates and Cessation Strategies in Hong KongThe investigation virtually the knowledge on the risk treatment of bullet among IVE studentGroup memberAu Wai MeiAu YikHinChan Ching YuChan Cho knockChan Chui PoChan Chun SingChan Hiu Yee FibbyThis literature force out help us to mop up our project for investigate about knowledge of take among teenagers in IVE.Nowadays, bullet is common. Although the prevalence of consume is decreased in recent years in HK, on that point is still bay window of people especi wholey teenagers raft round us. Therefore, face this problem to reduce the rate of smoke.Prevalence of skunk in HK among teenagerThere were 707,900 current stag partys at the time of enumeration, accounting for 11.8% of all persons aged 15 and over in Hong Kong. Of those 707 900 current smokers, 648 800 were passing(a) smokers and 59 100 were non-daily smokers. In addition, in that location were 347 800ex-daily smokers who previously had a daily have habit, repres enting 5.8% of all persons aged 15 and over.Of the 645 000 daily fag smoker, analyzed by age group, 65.7% were aged 40 and over 22.2% were aged 30 39 10.7% were aged 20 29 and 1.3% were aged15 19(( tally Census and Statistics division Hong Kong Special administrative Region)Moreover, the daily cigarette smokers by age and daily consumption of cigarettes which is the 84.9of the daily cigarette smokers consumed 1 10 cigarettes in a day in 15-19 of age group. Meanwhile, over 15 of the daily cigarette smokers consumed more than 10 cigarettes in a day of it group. So that, we know that the prevalence and the propagation of smoking per day(see ASH)On the a nonher(prenominal) hand,our integrity of objectiveis to know the reason why of smoking among teens. We searched some literatures which show the most of reason is peer influence. The other one is out of curiosity be perform teenagers want to try something. Other ordinarily cited reasons included influence of family members, nece ssity in social functionsandrefreshing ones mindetc(see Why you smoke by Gloria Meyer). Therefore, this literature hobo help us to do some project for investigate about knowledge of smoking among teenagers in IVE. bump factor inactive smokingNowadays, a lot of people have smoking habit in Hong Kong. Therefore, it testament snitch people al slipway pic in ener steriliseic smoking via their parent, friends or outdoor(prenominal) environment.A recent write up stated that there are about 600,000 people death of second-hand smoking and 21,400 people was got lung keistercer in 2004. seeMattias O., 2011. It idler see that dormant smoking is affected our health or steady will die. Compare with other study, it stated that people exposed passive smoking before age 25 that will have high lung cancer risk than after age 25 years. seeKofi A.,2008 It can see that people who younger than age 25 will be higher(prenominal)(prenominal) risk to get lung cancer when exposing passive smokin g. On the other hand, ischaemic heart disease also is a higher risk in passive smoking, there are about 379,000 people death of this disease. seeMattias O., 2011. In addition, one of study stated that passive smoking is associated with a pocketable increase in the risk of coronary heart disease. seeJIANG HE.,1999 However, this study was make a new investigation in 2005, it stated that passive smoking is rapidly affect cardiovascular system and the effect is almost as large as smoking.see Joaquin B.,2005. It can see that heart disease will become a serious problem about the risk of passive smoking.Cardiovascular diseaseSome people may think baccy is a great invention and there are justly one billion people smoking in the earth. However, Tobacco contains more than 7000 chemicals and legion(predicate) of them are toxic.(See Benjamin, R. B.,2010) World health Organization asserted that Tobacco kills near 6 million people each year. (seeTobacco, n.d.)According to the obligate, t he main(prenominal) disease caused by tobacco plant is cancer. In America, there are near 6.5 million of people deaths caused by bullet- think cancers since 1965 to 2014.(see Koh,H.K.,2014) Tobacco smoking can cause cancer everywhere in the body and both men and women, much(prenominal) as kidney, liver, bladder, trachea cancer. Lung cancer is easy to find in the smokers and n primaeval 9 of 10 lung cancer cause by smoking. (seeLushniak, B. L. 2014).A study has found that smoking can increase the risk factors of myocardial infarction, stroke, abrupt cardiac death, peripheral vascular disease and aortic aneurysm. (seeBullen, C. B. 2008). Although the tobacco can change the blood chemical and damage the cardio system, most of the patient can repaired the damage of cardio system after they have smoking cessation.3.respiratory diseasesRespiratory diseases of smoking can be divided into Asthma and supersensitive Rhinitis. take during maternity is strongly related to fetal growth im pairment, reduced lung function at birth and subsequent development of asthma. In conclusion, both ETS and individualised smoking were significantly related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers. (seeHedman al,2011) The development of asthma-like symptoms during a 6-year period was associated with three independent risk factors hyperresponsiveness to methacho tie, atopy, and smoking. Smoking behavior was related to airway lability, but non to atopy. (seeRasmussenet al,2000) Cigarette smoke in there more than 4000 kinds of chemical ingredients, including nicotine, tar, a large number of toxic substances. effeminate smokers suffering from asthma was significantly greater than men. ( Rasmussenet al,2000) Smoking can affront the trachea, shortening the airway, making asthma symptoms worse. Cigarette smoke inhalation after airway, not only produces airway permanent contraction, so that they are narrow and can affect expectoration function. (see Gallagher al,2014)Prieto et al findings ar e in line with previous studies that demonstrated an increased responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5-monophosphate(AMP) in a proportion of nonsmokers with allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, smokers with allergic rhinitis have a higher prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, confirms the observations of the study of Buczko and Zamel.(see Prieto et al, 2003) Among children and adolescents, significant associations between both active and passive smoking and allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatitis, and passive smoking was associated with an increased risk for food allergy.(see Saulyte et al, 2014)TreatmentMedicationMedication therapy is an strong smoking cessation method. There are severalways to help smokers quit smoking.Nicotine renewal Therapy (NRT) is the most widely used. These medications that contain nicotine are called Nicotine switch Therapy (NRT). NRT delivers nicotine to the body without the heavy chemicals found in cigarettes.NRT is available at the pharmacy without a prescription as a nicotine inhaler (Nicorette Inhaler), nicotine lozenge (Nicorette, Thrive), nicotine patch (Nicoderm) and nicotine glue (Nicorette).Nicotine lozengesNicotine lozenges are take up with the cheeks. When the smoker has a cigarette craving, they can use the lozenges which come in different strengths and flavours. The smoker and the health mission provider can decide what strength to start with based on the smoker withdrawal symptoms.Nicotine inhalerNicotine inhaler replaces the nicotine the smoker will get in cigarettes and other tobacco products. This inhaler is a plastic sass that the smoker puffs on. Then, put a cartridge that contains nicotine into the mouthpiece and puff. In this treatment, the nicotine is absorbed through the cheeks and the back of the throat. It does not go into the lungs. When the smoker has a cigarette craving, it can use the inhaler.Nicotine gumNicotine gum is using for quitting smoke. Nicotine gum necessitate f or use more than 30 minutes. When you have a craving for tobacco dependency, you can use nicotine gum for replace cigarette. Using nicotine products can hinder unpleasant craving and withdrawal symptoms. So you can quit smoke step by step. Also there have some hurt of nicotine gum. Nicotine gum is not suitable for wear dentures and someone doesnot like the seek of the gum.Non-medicationThis part is considered with the aspect of behavior.According to the research article aboutNatural history of attempts to throw in smoking that shown Cessation is a more chronic, complex, and dynamic process.(see Hughes.,2014) Base on this, we are consider with what type of self-behavior should be efficacy with smoke cessation. Then, the execute plus contingency prudence had been decreased craving but it did not affect smoking behavior.(see Kurti.,2014) and self-efficacy has been representing an importance source of therapeutic change in smoking cessation hash out.(see Schuck.,2014) The above t reatment are not the universal treatment of the smoke cessation.An intensive training program for behavioral health professionals increased tobacco treatment and patient quit attempts.(See Williams.,2014) Through shuffle with self-behavior and prescribing can increase the effect. The special point of this research is needed to betroth a professional to provide training to smoker. But the medications are not use. In addition, the research present that the workplace are the related result for the smoke cessation. The workplace has potential as a setting through which large groups of people can be reached to advance smoking cessation.(see Cahil.2013) there is the orbit to encourage the smoker cessation. It is likely to smoking free area that can control the smoker no smoke in this area. conclusionSmoking is common social issue in Hong Kong and there is a great deal of knowledge about smoking. For the risk of smoking and passive smoking both would affect respiratory and cardiovas cular system in the body. Also, it is necessary that to encourage people to quit smoking. And there are lots of cessation ways to help people quit smoking. It includes medication and non-medication aspects. The important thing is the smoker should discuss the plans to quit smoking with the health care provider and pill roller to assess the smoker health suitable use the treatment.ReferencesAllen, H. (2012). Nicotine products. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, from http//www.patient.co.uk/medicine/Nicotine-products.htmASH. (2014). Smoking statistics who smokes and how much. Action on smoking and health, 1-4. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http//ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_106.pdfAsomaning, K., Miller, D. 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