Empowerment of the Girl Child Essay

I. IntroductionIn a seminal hold in 1990, Amartya Sen suggested that worldwide, particularly in Asia, millions of women were missing from the macrocosm totals of many countries. He also noted the alarming fact that the invoke dimension for egg-producing(prenominal) person children in China, India and South Korea is actually deteriorating while the overall sex balance for females in those countries has marginally improved. Sen argued that the number of women missing in any population could be estimated by calculating the number of extra women who would have survived in that society. This would have been so if it had the same ratio of women to men as in other regions of the world where both sexes receive identical care.Given the grim ratio of 0.94 women to men in South Asia, western Asia and China indicating a deficit of 6 percent, he surmised that since in countries where women and men receive similar care the ratio is some 1.05, the real deficit is about 11percent of their women. These numbers tell, quietly a terrible story of inequality and neglect leash to excess mortality of women (Sen, 1990). In India, the widening gap in the ratio of girls to boys is clearly brought to light in the Census of 2001, confirming a impetus that has been in place since 1901. This is most pronounced in the youngest age group, 0-6, gum olibanum indicating the scale of injustice as well as the long-term friendly and economic consequences implied.Ansley Coale (1991) also drew attention to unusually high sex ratios at birth and high female mortality rates relative to males, especially in the early years of life and for daughters with elder sisters. To exceed a rough approximation of the numerical impact of excessive female mortality, he also estimated the ratio of males to females in selected populations that would exist in the absence seizure of discriminatory treatment of females, and thus the total number of missing females. For the populations of China, India, Pa kistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, West Asia, and Egypt, he calculated the total number of missing females to be about 60 million, a figure lower than.

Operations Business Report – Case Study: Qantas

Executive Summary Cantatas Is Australia largest domestic and International airway Cantatas was founded In the Queensland inaccessible In 1920 and It began Its trading trading operations with one aircraft carrying mail and now it has expanded to 146 planes transporting mint all over the world Cantatas major influences they have to chaw in todays grocery storeplace with include globalization, technology and the add-ond cost-based arguing and the strategies that they have use to meet these influences ar outsourcing and a mix of established and leading bite technology .Competitive Advantage Cantatas, having two flying services (Cantatas and Starters) allows them to organism and support two aircrafts to serve the passenger to compete the agonistical improvement more than than others Cantatas established the frequent flyer program that different from other Lorene to gather in guest loyalty. Cantatas Is as swell as In coalition with many local companies.Woolworth is the or so known and the idea is to provide a combative advantage to each(prenominal) other Cantatas is known for premium service so they incorporate Starters as a budget flight giving a competitive advantage, that also a cost advantage Cantatas is one of the worlds most recognizes and time-honored brand, which gives them an opportunity to exploit their competitive advantage. 3. trading operations Cantatas influences to sustain a competitive advantage In the market, predominantly out-of-pocket to how their operations function and how they manage It. 3. 1 strategical Role of operations Cantatas has three different strategic roles of operations.These strategies that Cantatas has incorporated are cost leadership, differentiation and market focus Operations management within Cantatas includes scheduling, de preconditionining staffing levels and staff training and has demonstrated its top executive to respond quickly to challenges and the success of rival low cost airlines Cantata s operations are strategically important because most organizational activity comprises the everyday activities within the operation function Its strategy and operations go upset-in- hand and Is a key determinant of its ability to achieve long term success and ultimately, a competitive advantage within the marketThe influences and current usable responses by Cantatas include globalization, rapidly developing technology and increased cost-based competition Globalization has made Cantatas re-think about their operations as they need to non only keep up with constant fluctuations and how the world is responding to it, to sustain their competitive advantage.The responses from Cantatas regarding globalization include o launching new airlines in Asia due to the Asian century we are experiencing and o cost minimization to be more internationally competitive. The rapidly developing technology from Cantatas has allowed for operational processes to be a lot more efficient and effective. T he changes have included o newer planes o new check ins o Q bag tags Due to the expanding market of aircraft, it has resulted in an increased cost based competition.Cantatas has had to respond to these changes within the market and the responses from Cantatas include o outsourcing o online bookings o employing more labor legal transfer techniques The influences that Cantatas has had to deal with has made them change a lot of heir operations solely the way they have responded to it, has allowed them to sustain a competitive advantage 3. Operations Processes The operations processes are classified ad into three separate groups, inputs, the sack process and outputs Inputs are classified into sub groups, which are transformed and transforming resources This means, Cantatas focuses on food ingredients for their catering services, computers, labor, and capital. The transformation process are also classified into subgroups, which include volume, rarity, variation in demand and visibilit y (the four Vs..) and monitoring, imperative and improvement. In terms of the four vs.., Cantatas experiences a predictable major increase in demand for the school holidays and other major events but also had to cope with major decreases such as the 9/1 1 bombings Monitoring and controlling at Cantatas involves taking corrective action and devising new plans if necessary Customer service is Cantatas major output and they continually focus on delivering the highest levels of customer service. They have recently adopted the clear Promoter Score as a key measure of customer service. The processes that Cantatas have implemented, how they identify peak times of the year and then deal with those situations has given them a competitive advantage over other businesses, which work 3. 4 Operations Strategies There are a number of strategies for upward(a) operations at Cantatas and the two major strategies that Cantatas have implemented are outsourcing and technology Outsourcing is on th e increase within Cantatas and currently, Cantatas outsourcer early all of its IT operations and some small call centre operations.The advantages that outsourcing has given Cantatas include deliverance in capital outlay, saving in labor and saving in cost Cantatas relies heavily on technology, but airline technology is intricate and it is continually being advanced and updated. Cantatas was one of a number of airlines, who put advance orders for the new Airbus AWAY, but they were opted to make sure they were not the airline to receive the very first ones asCantatas are all about select for the customer Cantatas made sure that they could sustain their competitive advantage within the market by ensuring that they got leading edge and established technology that was well reviewed and started outsourcing the right things to keep the operations effective and efficient 4. Conclusion by means of Cantatas strategies they have adopted, the way they have changed and adapted to the influe nces within the market and the talent of the their processes, it has allowed for Cantatas to not only gain a competitive advantage but sustain it as well

Outline the relative strategic positions of Netflix and Blockbuster. What are the key factors that explain the ultimate Blockbuster demise? Essay

Outline the relative strategic positions of Netflix and blockbuster. What atomic number 18 the lynchpin factors that explain the ultimate megahit demise? (as of the condemnation of the scale) In the following assignment I will begin by good-looking the relative strategic positions of Netflix and blockbuster as of January 2007.I will thusly outline what I believe to be the top three signalise factors that explain the ultimate blockbuster demise.Strategic PositionsNetflix An outside-in companyAt the sequence of the case, Netflix was a perfect example of an outside-in thinking company. Netflixs dodge was very(prenominal) straight forward it was to allow the best position video reckon for its customers. This was a simple and clear strategy. This strategy meant Netflix could adapt and change its vex of allowing the best home video viewing for its customers as its customers habits changed.By January 2007 Netflix was fulfilling this strategy via its DVD home delivery servi ce. By the end of 2006 we are told in the case demand that Netflix had 6.6 million subscribers, a library of 70,000 different titles which were held on over 55 million DVDs, revenues of n ahead of time one one thousand million and free coin flow of $64 million. The company could deliver to 90% of its subscribers within a single day.Netflix demonstrated that it listened to customer feedback from very early on. When something didnt work they changed it until the results showed that the replacement service was working. They changed their charging fashion role model from a per-movie expense to a monthly subscription, they improved their delivery service through commencement more distribution centres to allow for quicker delivery and therefore change customer service, the range of movies on offer was not being limit to new releases but was instead being broadened to offer its customers more of what they liked, the adapt of movies to the individual and finally carefully debateed partnerships and alliancesto increase their customer portfolio.At the time of the case Netflix had a sound business model however the CEO, reed battle of Hastings, could see large-scale change was imminent and he did not insufficiency to be left behind. He could see Video-On-Demand was the future and he precious to be ready for it. The company had already been investing tens of millions in cash in VOD for several years. This demonstrated their desire to differentiate themselves from their competitors. Netflix was evolving to meet its customers desires. smash hit An inside-out companyAt the time of the case blockbuster were playing catch up. They had spent the recent past in a very dominant and comfortable position with almost 50% of the home rental market. During the period of dominance their model worked. They were in a position which was similar to that of Kodak at the time of the early introduction of digital cameras which ultimately saw the end of Kodaks dominance in the ph otographic market. (Johnson, Whittington & Scholes, 2011, pp. 308).They had been very much in the position of an inside-out company whose success had been built around depth of copy. (Ritson, 2010, pp. 62) The only evidence of a strategy was to copy and try to improve upon models which had already been developed by its competitors. Blockbuster did not identify any threats to its market position until it was overly late, and when they did recognise the threat their response was to copy, not to innovate. Blockbuster first push aside the concept of online rentals in 2002, but went on to launch a magnetic variation of their own in 2004.Key Factors in the ultimate demise of Blockbuster1 Blockbuster did not take its competitors seriously.Ritson tells us that a key factor in the demise of Blockbuster was one of ignorance and arrogance. Blockbuster unheeded a tiny upstart with a newbusiness model (Netflix) which began in 1999. In an interview with Fortune magazine in 2003, Blockbuster senior management were openly dismissive of the threat posed by Netflix. They stated that their customers were more spur of the moment renters who did not necessarily picture their movie watching in advance. Blockbuster viewed itself as a rental outlet and Netflix as a delivery service. It did not consider Netflix as a competitor. (Ritson, 2010, pp. 62)2 Blockbuster was al counsels playing catch-up.Blockbuster saw itself as competing in a different market. Ritson states that if Blockbuster had get early enough that it was in the entertainment business instead of the home rental business it could have launched a competitor service to Netflix or perhaps even acquired Netflix. (Ritson, 2010, pp. 62) In the case study we are told that Hastings stated in 2005 that, were just thankful Blockbuster didnt enter four years ago.Again from the case study detail we can see that when Blockbuster did eventually start competing with Netflix in 2004 it launched similar products to its competitor and tried to differentiate itself through price. In the word, Reinventing your art Model we are told that, pursuing a new business model thats not new or game changing to your constancy or market is a waste of time and money. (Johnson, Christensen & Kagermann, 2008, pp. 56) Blockbuster missed an opportunity to leap frog its opponents and instead of trying to release new ground they simply followed what was already working for its competitors. Meanwhile its competitors were already moving on.3 Blockbuster did not listen to its stakeholders or strategise.Blockbuster did not listen to what its stakeholders were saying and doing. The article Strategic Management of Stakeholders speculation and Practice, tells us that by attending to important concepts emerging from the stakeholder writings, it is possible that top management teams can increase the robustness of their strategies. (Ackermann & Eden, 2010, pp. 179). The article goes on to demonstrate that by mapping their stakehold ersin the following way companies can see very quickly who has the relevant interest and index to influence the companys strategic direction.Stakeholder mapping diagram have got satisfiedManage CloselyMonitorKeep informedThe pretermit of a strategy at the time of their dominance saw Blockbuster having to give up revenue when trying to imitate their competitors $600 million forgoing late fees to match the Netflix model as well as pass heavily on advertising when taking their version of their competitors products to market. This money could have been diverted early on to innovate and to keep on dominant in the home entertainment market. (Pugatch, 2007, pp. 43).BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Ackermann, Fran & Colin Eden. (2011) Strategic Management of Stakeholders possible action and Practice, Long Range Planning 44, pp.179196. 2. Johnson, Gerry, Richard Whittington & Kevan Scholes. (2011) Exploring Strategy, Text & Cases, Ninth Edition. Harlow assimilator Hall Financial Times. 3. Johnson, Mar k W., Clayton M. Christensen & Henning Kagermann. (2008) Reinventing your business model, Harvard Business Review, declination 2008, pp. 5059. 4. Pugatch, CB. (2007) Rent this (Online). Available at http//www.response-digital.com/response/200707/?pg=42pg42 (Accessed nineteenth June 2013). 5. Ritson, Mark. (2010) This Blockbuster is one you mustnt miss (Online). Available at http//www.marketingweek.co.uk/this-blockbuster-is-one-you-mustnt-miss/3018752.article (Accessed nineteenth June 2013).

Thinspiration Discussion

Dealing with a first- and experience of an ingest disorder, due to a close friend having the illness, can say for a fact that there is energy glamorous about it and it is certainly no sensitiveg that an individual should strive to attain. Im absolutely sickened by that fact that there argon Pro- Anorexia and Pro-Bulimia websites which glorify dangerously thin bodies and post reckons and tips on how to achieve them.These sites go away false nutritional advice and avoid discussing the negative aspects of being too thin and having abnormal take habits. Although consume disorders are not a sweet concept to our society, the deals of administration treat the disorder as if its a modus vivendi choice, something acceptable. Think that it would be sustainful to discuss on forums with other individuals paltry from the disorder, but only with the intentions of aiding one another in recovering and grieving.But instead, raft will post pictures of skinny men or women and use that image a s motivation to starve or purge. Feel like much people dont know how to approach individuals who are obviously dealing with an eating disorder, so they just let them be and the conditions only worsen. Sometimes cases go unreported because one doesnt look too skinny, for instance its a tough disorder to diagnose. Sis our society would stop being so captious ad realize that individuals with such a serious disorder cannot help themselves on their own its a mental illness typically as the result of another disease that adds extra stress and anxiety into ones life. genius of the examples given in the article was of a girl named Marimbas dealing with anorexia who would put down onto Faceable to motivate herself to lose more weight as she scrolled through her intelligence operation Feed of other arils posting pictures of their tin bodies and discussing how theyve lost weight or have to go back to treatment.I had no idea that these individuals suffering with eating disorders saw it al l as a competition, who can be the shell at being anorexic or bulimic, who can get the sickest, the fastest. individual with an eating disorder becomes so consumed and obsessed with everything revolving around it that they cant even region in their everyday life activities.

Ashlyfive point linguistic star Essay

Weve allowed a natural progression to language instruction to dominate our schools, hoping our English learners will precisely radiation pattern it out. (SCOE, 2009) This come out suggested by Kevin Clark proposes that teachers explicitly teach ELL by giving them a set of skills. Teacher will have to teach students not just vocabulary, but the sound system of language, the words and their word parts and meanings, and similarly rules for structuring sentences grammatically. Teaching students from this perspective bathroom support a deeper transforming of the language.When the concept is thoroughly supported by background k promptlyledge, ex excogitateation as to why, activities that sustain skills, and consistency in lesson structure that follows this pattern, students are more likely to under(a)stand the concept and create a platform from which to launch higher train sentiment and conclusions on following concepts and content area. Students learn more expeditiously when t hey have prior familiarity on a presented concept. If the student can link content to a concept that they gained from previous fellowship on from their own unique background or culture, itwill inevitably liberation interest in that subject area.By sparking interest the teacher is now adding value to the lesson. Since students synonymize interest with value, the teacher would prove effective. Now a understanding of purpose has now been inf engrossd into the lesson, and the student/students may begin to contribute more. (NCREL, 1990) This approach is rather intriguing, and teachers should be trained in linguistics prior to education ELLs. I would learn the subparts of linguistics via a course phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.By erudition each subpart in-depth, I can mend compose lesson plans and activities that explore those areas for the ELLs to better benefit. Understanding the mechanics of a language is just as of import as understanding t he language itself, for both teachers and students. The concept of prior knowledge should not be limited to the students but 2 LINGUISTIC fire teachers should utilize this concept for their own effective instruction.If teachers have prior knowledge of the subparts of the English language, as well as knowledge of the diverse cultureshe/she is instructing can help the teacher create and blend a broad and student-inclusive lesson plan and curriculum. Prior knowledge influences how the teacher and students interact with the learning materials as both individuals and a group. (Kujawa and Huske, 1995) Prior knowledge assists in segue of arrogate instruction and retention, because it is a foundation from which to build from and facilitates the idea of making palpate of the educational experience.As the students are learning from the linguistic perspective, especially under syntax andsemantics, students would be primed for grammatical instruction, also. As they learn how, where and when to use appropriate vocabulary, I will insert instruction on of import grammatical principles and rules and branch off into but instruction where applicable.I would emphasize to make sound non-confusing connections with the native language grammatical principles, so in that respect is a prior knowledge foundation established in that expanse as well. I would also have a grammar day in the middle of the week to review prior concepts and morph new grammar lessons into the lessonplan and utilize formative assessment strategies to see what needs to be reviewed and further defined. 3 LINGUISTIC APPROACH References Kujawa, S. , & Huske, L. (1995).The Strategic Teaching and Reading nominate guidebook (Rev. ed. ). Oak Brook, IL North Central Regional educational Laboratory. Restructuring to promote learning in Americas schools, videoconference 2 The thinking curriculum. (1990). Oak Brook, IL North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. Sonoma County side of Education. (2009) Structu ring language instruction to advance stalled English learners. Aiming High Resource. Retrieved September 16 2014. 4

Others

In todays company, humans atomic number 18 quick to hear opposites based on what they confide. Communities flow to negatively view quite a little who argon diverse and do non equal into their own norms. All cultures deal norms but they stomach differences that do non adapt with the dominant philia culture in the United States. How we create the early(a)(a) Is from our beliefs, values, and behaviors. If other(a) volume do not fit into a certain structure, we often have assumptions against them. Growing up In a p articular neighborhood associate with gang influences and doing graffiti Is usually not accepted by many another(prenominal) an(prenominal) mickle.In Ruben Martinets essay Going up In LA, he shows the company of the graffiti artists and how they get discriminated for what they do. Graffiti artist Pooh describes musical composition as a community because It Is a source of communication with other writers all everyplace the city (Pig 104 1 14 1. This com munity uses this form of art to express their feelings, thoughts, and messages In public. They compose their own culture together by having a passion for bombing around town with their meaningful pieces. Tiers from the Stateside state that when they do graffiti they be being blame for vandalism but when whites do it is called art (Pig 106 23 There is a distinction based on race and class which irritates most stateside writers. They do come from poor neighborhoods and diminished class families but that should not mean their way of art should be treated as a false conation. Though there many mess that might not construe graffiti. In the eyes of the LAP, they typically see graffiti as not art and illegal irrelevant approved city murals.Stuart Haines assumes there is only way o piece an absolute stop on graffiti, The real answer is to pass tougher laws to avenge the graffiti artists who deface public property, along with the gang members who are identifying their sod (Pig 109 3 1 , 34 ). Most officials and adults strongly disagree with the acts of graffiti. They are seeking for other alternatives to get rid of graffiti artists. There is a reason wherefore these young men do this specific type of writing. Mary trotting horse said, We havent looked at why theyre painting. They want to communicate some(a)thing to us, and were not listening (Pig 109 36 ).Since writers are considered as others in the society they do not understand what conveys in writing. There is a difference between graffiti art and graffiti which gang members use to mark up as their territory. unrivaled has more meaning than the other while the other type of writing signifies owning a property or area. Graffiti artists should not be justice poorly from where to come from and how their art looks like. People fear the unknown which they to tend to do anything to try to exclude themselves from people who do not fit Into their standards.In Peter Marinas essay Helping and Hating the Homeless, he describes how the homeless people are often stereotyped and feared for what they are. Simply because the homeless are homeless, they are known to be threat. Their existence creates violence which we feel our sense of caoutchouc Is being taken away (Pig 172 24). Many middle class people feel this way some the homeless. Since they are strangers, people look at them with Ignorance and have a sense of worry when around them. There are many reasons why we feel this precise way about the homeless.Our response to the homeless Is based on our cultural attitudes, train of understanding about the homeless that it has become an instinct to label them as dangerous in our society. Since mostly everyone feels this way, it is difficult to control and clear our perspective of the homeless. Even in the history in Europe, the bourgeois did not want to deal with beggars. They believe this certain group of people were unable to progress, irrelevant, and hopeless in this ensnare of living. (Pig 1 74 1 28). Due to these discriminations, our society saw them this way as as well which is how we create boundaries because of their differences.One of Marinas students paper illustrates her first experience at a pull through Mission on skid row. She gives details on how repulsive of these people habits are. She mentally had the feeling dirty around them because they were strange and unclean to her (Pig 174 l 31). Many people perceive the homeless as trash and inhumane. This is the neck between the homeless and our society because we want to see our self in order to accept them. Our lifestyles do differ with the homeless but that does not mean we would reject them from our living.Instead reach and help them out because at some point in their life they were like any normal person. Women passim the American history are often portrayed with weak images. They do not have equal roles in society, particular Jobs, politics, and in other settings. Women did not receive the same equal tre atment or rights as men did. They could not vote until the 19th amendment was passed in August 18, 1920. Women had to iron out for their rights some way or another to prove they were no different than the men. It is most common for omen to be Judged in the transactionforce.Women were usually back up to enter into careers which are associated due to their gender. Career paths such as nursing, teachers, childcare, or even a home stay mother were consider as good roles for women. This limited females to many opportunities because it discouraged them to attempt any work that was reserve for men. Early in the United States, women were distinguished that they lack skills and did not compare to what men can do. Women should not be characterized entirely because of their gender. They merit equality ND not feel inferior to men.Rather than having projections on to other groups, our society should acknowledge our negative imperfections. We cannot always urge our opinions and Judgments sole ly because we name from these groups. The pessimistic stereotyping that we give to these people affects not only them but our society as well. Everyone comes from various communities and cultures vary from one another. The main argument of how the other is created is because we want to see ourselves in those people. If they do not adjust to our ideals we recant them in our daily living.

Cross-Cultural Work Environments

Naeja Silar January 14, 2012 leaders and Organizational Behavior Unit 1 Assignment Organizational conjecture cross-cultural Work Environments I leave al champion be questioning a opening on the analysis of fall into place-cultural circumspection style and structure. In questioning this possibility, it will help managers in a multinational company, or work environment, act with employees of a assorted background. In correspondence, and getting a better judgement of how cultures interact in workplace environments, the manager can be more(prenominal) productive and avoid variant types of confrontations that may ultimately hurt productivity.Analyzing the focusing styles and cultures of the world will enable managers to understand the ideas of incompatible cultures. By understanding the reasoning behind each culture behavior, there will be less room for inaccurate generalizations, fewer generalizations will make current managers, working in a diverse work environment shak e off greater success. However, with the constant view of diversity in the workplace, all mangers should move into in a cross-cultural management training course, as substantially as employees.In researching this theory, the main focus is the business style of various cultures in the workplace environment. Examining distinct types of behavioral patterns will reveal the different cultural frames, and perceptions at heart a diverse work environment. Understanding the different perceptions of the different cultures will lead to close interpersonal relations, and productive communication. cross-cultural management research is derived from the study of the behavior of people in diverse organizations.The United States has always been in the forefront of the development of management theory, practice, and research because of the current internationalization of business in the United States, they should be booster cable the development of a cross-cultural perspective to management. (Ad ler, 1983) In the earlier studies of cross cultural management, the approach was to transfer advanced management practices, techniques, and methods. The field of cross-cultural studies on organisational functioning is a result of partial desegregation between the cross-cultural comparative management field and organization theory argonas.The economic development approach to comparative management research is one of the early methods used for cross-cultural management study. It is found that managerial introduce plays an important role in achieving economic development, this approach focuses on the sanctioned trends of managerial development, rather than the analysis of organizational practices. (Negandhi, 1983) The role of culture is say to be the some accurate approach to exploring and comparing management and organizational styles.One of the most basic issues in cross-cultural management research is to determine what extremity culture impacts an individuals behavior within t he workplace. Various cultures emphasize places differently, and these are demonstrated in contrastive managerial behaviors. Identifying the four aspects of culture that have specific implications for the workplace is a actually important task, and these implications include power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, and masculinity.An example of each are as follows, power distance, leadership can be looked at as informal and loose, this is due to the fact that employees do not see their superiors as that far ahead of them on the social scale. Uncertainty avoidance measures the extent to which people in a organization tend to feel threaten by uncertain, ambiguous, risky, or undefined situations. The importance of individualism is the evidence suggesting that differences among this prop of culture account for major differences in managerial assumptions and practices.On the dimension of masculinity, it is understood that the masculine cultures are defined as being asser tive, valuing achievement, and execrate failure. On the opposite extreme, a feminine culture is characterized by the favoring of nurturing roles, mutuality between people and caring for others. In concluding this cross-cultural management research, its main focus is the description of organizational behavior within countries and cultures, and most importantly on the interaction of peoples from different countries working within the aforesaid(prenominal) organization or work environment.Increased multinational operations sum increased diversity within the organization. In participating in this cross-cultural management research, and there would be a higher degree of interaction between employees and managers from different cultures. Reference Citations * Adler, Nancy J. Cross-Cultural caution Research, The academy of Management Review, (April, 1983) * Hall, Edward T. Understanding Cultural Differences New York Doubleday & Company (August, 1990) * Negandhi, Anant R. Cross-Cultu ral Management Research Trend and Future Directions Journal of International Business Studies, (August, 1983) * Kelley, street & Worthley, Reginald The Role of Culture in Comparative Management A Cross-Cultural Perspective The Academy of Management Journal, (March, 1981) * Hall, Edward T. Beyond Culture New York establish Press, 1983 * Adler, Nancy J. A Typology of Management Studies Involving Culture Journal of International Business Studies http//links. jstor. org

Education of women Essay

Daniel Defoes adjudicate entitled The Education of Women was compose to emphasis the value of education for women should be much than what is was. In para- graph 1 us a civilized and a Christian artless Defoes target audience was for men and for those who follow the church and God. Eng- trim d accept at this time was dominantly of Christian faith and in this essay Defoe advocates more of Gods will rather than his own to establish his own credibility and moral high ground and Defoe is able to do this by raising this issue in the minds of his Christian ratifiership.Although there may not be too much weight behind his view on why women needed to be better, with referencing God throughout the essay it becomes an in effect(p) reading with his target audience. He starts with his opinion then refers to God in the next sentence. This is a regular theme from start to finish and this captures his readers interest early on. Defoe included this rhetorical sentences in this essay and in divide 3 Defoe writes the soul is placed in the tree trunk like a rough diamond, and must be rubriced, or the magnificence of it will n invariably appear.His analogy is that if you dont polish the diamond (women and educating) then they will never shine. In paragraph 3 he uses the term God in his next sentence. If knowledge and pinch had been useless additions to the 1 Yorke sex, God Almighty would never have condition them capacities for he made nothing needless. He states that God made women adequate to(p) of learning and that none of Gods creation is unnecessary. Defoe believes women should be educated and educating them they would simplybecome better wives and companions for men.As an example of this is in paragraph 5, he does not suggest learning practical subjects such as math and science but instead, he says that they should be taught in particular, harmony and Dancing which it would be cruelty to bar the sex of, because they are their darlings. that besides this, t hey should be taught languages He also adds that they should read history books to be more cultured so that they bottom of the inning .. understand the world, and to be able to know and judge of things whenthey hear of them. Defoes argument is that women as an equal.In paragraph 7 he writes Women, in my observation, have little or no difference in them, but as they are or are not distin- guished by education. Defoe summarizes in the last paragraph with this rhetorical sentence I refer the Practice to those Happy Days (if ever they shall be) when men shall be wise enough to mend it. Defoe implies that if man can change his views on education for women, then a woman would be educated will be seen as an equal amongst men.

Entrepreneurial Leadership

Using the WileyPlus resources, go to the Interactive Case arena Five Guys Burgers and Fries Ingredients for Success example located in Chapter 3. To admission the entire textbook, use the WileyPLUS Read, pick out & Practice link located in the Student Center. Write a one-third to four (3-4) scalawag base in which you 1. Determine how Five Guys philosophy sets it a slice from other fast-food chains. 2. lose it the original values for the start-up company and how it remains strong today. . Enumerate tether (3) factors that contributed to Five Guys success in such a short measure and what effect, if any, external markets had on these factors. 4. Assess how respectable and social practices are slice of the Five Guys culture and provide examples to support your choices.5. office at to the lowest degree five (5) quality academic resources in this designation. Note Wikipedia and other Websites do not quality as academic resources. Your naming must take on these formatting re quirements Be typed, double spaced, using Times New roman type font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and references must notice APA or school-specific format. checkout eon with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a come home foliate containing the title of the assignment, the students name, the professors name, the course title, and the date.The handle page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are Examine the private enterprise systems, drivers of change on the system, honourable and social responsibilities of business, and the requirements for success in todays business environment. break the factors that drive supply and demand, different types of market structures in a bare(a) enterprise system, and factors of stability in a nations economy. exercising technology and information resources to research issues in contemp orary business. Write all the way and concisely about contemporary business using proper piece mechanics.Entrepreneurial LeadershipUsing the WileyPlus resources, go to the Interactive Case Study Five Guys Burgers and Fries Ingredients for Success example located in Chapter 3. To entrance fee the entire textbook, use the WileyPLUS Read, Study & Practice link located in the Student Center. Write a three to four (3-4) page constitution in which you 1. Determine how Five Guys philosophy sets it apart from other fast-food chains. 2. probe the original values for the start-up company and how it remains strong today. . Enumerate three (3) factors that contributed to Five Guys success in such a short time and what effect, if any, external markets had on these factors. 4. Assess how ethical and social practices are part of the Five Guys culture and provide examples to support your choices.5. Use at least five (5) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note Wikipedia and other We bsites do not quality as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements Be typed, double spaced, using Times New romish font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. cheque with your professor for any additional instructions. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the students name, the professors name, the course title, and the date.The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are Examine the private enterprise systems, drivers of change on the system, ethical and social responsibilities of business, and the requirements for success in todays business environment. canvas the factors that drive supply and demand, different types of market structures in a lax enterprise system, and factors of stability in a nations economy. Use technology and information resources to research issues in contemporary business. Write clearly and concisely about contemporary business using proper paternity mechanics.

Evaluate the effectiveness of speech, language and communicate Essay

Explain each of the terms speech, actors line, confabulation, speech , phrase and communion necessitate.Speech , address and confabulation atomic number 18 closely tied to otherwise aras of development, this learning offcome requires you to experience and be able to explain think surrounded by speech and development and the in all likelihood impact of any hard-foughties that sisterren whitethorn learn in acquiring speech, communication and talking to.Some boorren may non be able to deduce the words macrocosm spoken to them and/or the grammatical prescripts of sentence construction. at that placefore, when their teacher tells the class what they carry to do, or explains a spick-and-span idea or c erstwhilept,9 they may struggle to understand what is universe express. Having inappropriate spoken nomenclature is inherent for the learning process, however learning vocabulary has been identified as ace of the most significant difficulties for some elec tric razorren with SLCN,10 11 leading to much of their teachers talk being inaccessible.The efficiency and confidence to ask questions is a vital skill for provoking and regulate new thinking.12 The Primary Strategy credits the importance of nomenclature for thinking and encourages mated talk and discussion among pupils as a way to enhance learning.13 This is enormously difficult for nestlingren with SLCN, so vital learning and opportunities to talk with peers can be missed. They may struggle with developing an age appropriate vocabulary, formulating sentences, using the ripe words in the right order and with following grammatical rule to understand or engage it clear to others what has happened in space and prison term. conferencecommunicating is about the way that people send signals to one a nonher. Communication can be seen as an umbrella term beca type it encompasses both expression and speech and as well includes facial expression, gesture and bodylanguage. talking toLanguage is something genuinely specific, it is a set of symbols-spoken, written or signed- that can be used and understood between people. Language can be sort of abstract and we frequently for run this. a child has to learn that when the sounds of c-a-t argon made, the speaker is referring to a cat even if there is not one in the room.Linguistsd as well suggest that the main feature of language is a series of rules that users have to understand and use, just once get the better ofed conquer a user to convey anything they wish. At first children cannot use the rules. Toddlers generate by just pointing at objects and saying one word, only afterward a while they learn how to construct sentences.SpeechSpeech is funda psychicly vocalized language. It is usually learnt in the first place the written form of the language, in speech, the symbols be not written of signed, but spoken as sounds. The number of sounds that children need to master go forth depend on the language that they be bing exposed. English has everyplace 40 divers(prenominal) sounds or phonemes.ListeningListening is about being able to hear and to a greater extent fundamentally understand the speech of others. It is sometimes referred to as receptive speech. Babies jump the journey of learning to speak by gaining some receptive speech and learning what specific words and phrases mean.Speech, language and communication needsThis term is used to refer to any obstacle that a child has in any of the three argonas for example a child might have difficulty in producing certainsounds and so have a difficulty with speech, while a child who does not make eye contact or enjoy being with others may have a more than global communication needs.1.2Explain how speech, language and communication skills hold back each of the following beas in childrens development. Learning, stimulated, demeanor, hearty.organism able to slip by and, better still, being able to use and understand speech- opens doors in terms of childrens all general development.LearningThere are many debates as to what is learning but for our purpose we will position this to childrens overall cognition. The term condition covers a multitude of different tasks, but is mainly about out tycoon to process and use information that we have gained.For example,A child might see that leaves are falling off tress and get told that this is because it is spill. The child might accordingly see more leaves falling off a tree. She may echo and make a connection between what she saw earlier on and what she is see now. The work autumn may also remember and so she might point and say proudly to the handsome with her. Look those leaves are falling too Is that because its autumn? Later on in that day while having tea, she may tell her mother that in the park leaves are falling off the trees because it is autumn.This example illustrates the way in which for learning to resign place, the child has to remember what they have seen earlier, make connections to what they are now seeing or hearing and then come to some conclusion. The skill of the child to label it as autumn will help her enormously and she is plausibly from this point on to notice falling leaves and make the associationover and over again. She can also talk and think about autumn without needing to be in the park.At this point we can begin to understand the limitations of body language, facial expression and gesture when language is not available. Although they take into account for instant communication they cannot help a child to understand what is being seen or provide a way in which afterwards the child can communicate what she has seen. This means that children who only have the basic communication skills of body language, gesture and facial expression identify it difficult to communicate concepts unrestrained development creation able to control your own emotional is a major part of emotional development. Babies and toddlers struggle with his, but as language develops they start out it easier because they can express their needs. Tantrums and other outbursts linked to frustration, jealousy or anger dwell to diminish as children find ship canal of talking done how they are feeling. This is one reason why it is image good practice to name emotions when working with young children, so that they begin to understand what they are feeling and have slipway of expressing it other than through physical reactions alone.BehaviorBeing able to manage your own demeanour is about self-control. childlike children are very impulsive and find it fractious to control their behavior but, once language is mastered, childrens behavior changes. It would bet that the acquisition of language helps children to think things over. They focus more on the consequences of their actions and they also internally begin to remind themselves of what they need to do or what they should not do. Interestingly, the star t of this process can be observed when a toddler goes up to something that they have been told not to touch, points to it and says no. cordial development delirious development is linked to being able to control your own emotions and amicable development builds on this, as it is about being able to recognize emotions in others and learning to adjust your behavior accordingly. It also about understands what the social codes are in any situation and behaving appropriately. This means that good communication and language skills are important. Children need to read the faces and body language of others and act appropriately. Because play is the main medium of socialization with other children, language skills also become important from around the age of 3 years, as children tent to use speech to talk about what they are doing or, as they get sometime(a).Describe the potential impact of speech, language and communication difficulties on the overall development of a child, both current ly and in the longer term.Young people with speech, language and communication needs have poor informal kills, poor non-verbal skills and poor social perception, all of which can hinder their ability to form friendships with their peers and may lead to them becoming marginalized. Those who become isolated in this way often experience anxiety and depression, which can affect their mental health. These problems can become exacerbated with age if they remain unidentified and untreated, and are likely to result in poorer outcomes for the individuals concerned.Speech, language and communication difficulties can erode self-confidence and affect educational achievement, social integration and general behavior. In addition, they amplify the probability of offending behavior and early disengagement from school (children with these problems are much less likely to continue in education beyond 16 years of age).Children have difficulties, there are likely to be many effects on theirdevelopme nt, although the extent to which children are affected will very much depend on the nature of their difficulty, its severity and how the child is supported.Short-term effects on developmentFrustrationAnger withdrawal methodLow levels of confidenceDifficulties in making friendsDifficulties in learning new informationDifficulties in applying information to new situationsFind it hard to make themselves understoodThe longer term developable consequences in children who have difficulties with their communication, speech and language are in some ways harder to predict but again, in general terms, we may find that children later on have humble self-esteemNot achieved their potentialFound it hard to make and hold in relationshipsBecome isolatedNot reached independenceDeveloped antisocial behavior in some cases.Explain the ways in which adults can in effect support and extend the speech, language and communication development of children during the early years.There are many ways in which a dults can effectively support and extend speech, language and communication development in children during earlyyears, Firstly, it is important for the adult to adapt language according to the childs needs and abilities, some children who have English as a second language may require the adult to point to objects. For example when speaking to a baby or toddler they would simplify the sentences for them to understand where as the older the child gets the more hard sentences can begin to be used. For example to a 1 year old you may hold out a biscuit and say the word where as an older child you would say would you like a biscuit.Secondly talent children the time and luck to communicate, its important to give children time to think about what has been said to them and if they dont answer straight away and not answer for them, allowing them time to respond. Some children would require you to sound them all out but then you must get them to copy you and blend the sounds together whilst giving them time to process what you are telling them.Explain the relevant controlling effects of adult support for the children and their careers.Positive adult supportEmotional developmentSpeech, language and communication skillsSocial interactionBehaviorSpeech, language and communication skillsVery quickly, if high-quality support is given, children can show progress in their speech, language and communication skills. This means that working with children can be very rewarding and parents often delight in the improvement that their children are showing.Social interactionAt the heart of social interaction is childrens ability to communicate. This means that positive support can quickly make children more outgoing and also confident in their interactions. many practitioners report that once children have more speech and language, they are able to play more easily with other children.BehaviorMany children who are finding it difficult to communicate and speak will show aggressive, u ncooperative and frustrated behavior. Being able to communicate effectively can make an enormous deviance to childrens behavior. Parents also note that when they are spending more time communicating with their children, their children show less attention-seeking behavior.Emotional developmentPositive adult support also helps childrens emotional development. Not only do children become more confident, they also find through works ways of controlling their emotions and expressing their needs.Explain how levels of speech and language development vary between children entering early years provision and need to be interpreted into account during setting in and planning.Children of the same age will often have different levels of language. This clearly means that we need to identify children whose language is atypical in order that they can gain additional support, but we also need to think about how our practices and procedures support children.For children who do not have spoken langua ge, either because of their age or because of an additional need. It is essential that time is taken for them to get to know their key person before any separation takes place. The key person also needs to find out from the childs parents how they communicatewith the child and to learn these skills. Children who are speaking well and can understand us still need a similar level of care and attention, but they may find it easier to settle in as they can articulate their feelings.Grouping childrenMany group care settings will have moments when children are put into groups at lunchtime or for a story. It is important that thought is given to ensuring that children who have language needs are grouped sensitively and carefully so they have the opportunity to interact and be involved.ActivitiesWhen activities and play opportunities are planned, childrens level of language needs to be considered. Certain activities require a high level of language and so may not be appropriate for a child whose language is still developing, for example 20 questions or I spy. Language is also needed for region play and so it is important to think about whether children who want to merge in role play need support. The ability to process language also means some activities which require children to listen need to be carefully thought about, particularly it there are no visual stimuli which will help children to work out the meaning.

Best practices in project quality management/leadership for IT Essay

1. 0 Introduction Most concourse simply accept low select from m all information engineering science (IT) reapings. So what if whizs laptop crashes a couple of times a hebdomad? Just ensure at that place is back up for data. So what if one ceasenot log in to the business intranet or the internet right forthwith? Just attempt a little later when it is less busy. So what if the latest version of word-processing softwargon was shipped with several bugs? One may worry the softwares new features, and all new software has bugs.Is musical note a real problem with information technology go throughs? Yes, it is IT is not righteous a luxury available in some offices, homes, or schools. Firms passim the world provide employees with access to computers. The majority of lot in the US use the internet, and usage in other countries continues to expand rapidly. It took only sextuplet years for 60 million sight to use the internet compared to 20 years for 60 million to use cell phones (Kathy, 2008, p. 292). m all a(prenominal) issues of singular and or concourse lives depend on high- shade IT products.Food is produced and distributed with the help of computers vehicles use up computer chips to monitor performance students use computers to aid them learn in school organizations depend on technology for many business functions and millions of people depend on technology for entertainment and individual communications (Kathy, 2008). Many IT projects develop mission-critical systems that are utilized in life-and-death circumstances. Such as navigation systems on aircraft and computer components built into medical equipment.Financial institutions and their clients as well as depend on high- prime(a) information systems. Clients get very upset when systems make inaccurate data or display information to unauthorized people that could result to identity theft. When any of these systems fails, it is much more than a unmingled inconvenience (Taguchi, 2004). 1. 1 De finitions Before one can enhance the quality of IT projects, it is good to understand the fundamental concepts of project quality caution. Indeed, it is hard to pay off project quality solicitude.According to the international organization for standardization (ISO) quality can be defined as the totality of features of an organization that cut on its ability to satisfy stated or implied requirements (Kathy, 2008). It can everywherely be defined as the extent to which a set of inborn features fulfils needs (ISO9000). Other professionals define quality based on trammel to needs and fitness for use. Adherence to needs means projects products and processes meet laid down specifications. Fitness for use implies a product can be used as it was intended.The purpose of project quality management is to make sure that the project will fulfill the requirements for which it was undertaken. show management involves among others things meeting or surpassing stakeholder requirements and an ticipations. The project group must initiate good relationships with core stakeholders, especially the primary client for the project, to embrace what quality implies to them. Many technical projects fail because the project management group aims only at meeting the written requirements for the project (Juran and Frank, 2002).Quality, therefore, must be on an equal basis with project scope, cost, and time. If the projects stakeholders are dissatisfied with the quality of the project management or the end products of the project, the management group will require adjusting time, cost, and scope to fulfill stakeholder needs. In which contingency meeting only documented requirements for time, cost, and scope is not sufficient. To attain stakeholder fulfillment, the project group must come up with a good workings relationship with all stakeholders and comprehend their implied or stated requirements.Best practices over the years, organizations have become mesmerized with the term- ru ff practice-but after continued use, experts began scrutinizing the expression and like a shot better definitions exist. A lift out practice starts simply with an idea. Knowing that there is a process, tool, activity, or method that can deliver results effectively than any other method and provides one with the desired results with less barriers and predictable complexities is a welcome.As a result, one apparently ends up with an efficient dash of completing a task by use of a quotable procedure that has stood the test of time for quite a large issuing of IT projects (Kathy, 2008). As project quality management evolved, so did the meanings of best practices. round definitions of best practices are complicated while others are somehow simple. Yet, they both(prenominal) address the same aim of encouraging project quality management throughout the organization. Firms must decide on the depth and extent of their best practices.Must it be at high level and generic or at a low level and detailed? A generic best practice may not attain the desired efficiencies whereas a detailed one may not have unlimited applicability. Basically, any firm can decide to have own definition of best practices and there might even be company quality requirements on the definition of such best practices. For example, a best practice can be defined as something that works, works well, works well on a repetitive basis, leads to a competitive advantage, can be place in quest to improve business, and prevents the firm from problems.

What advantage does Zara gain against the competition by having a very responsive supply chain?

Q. What advantage does Zara gain against the competition by having a very responsive release chain? A. In an industry where the guest study is un foreseeable, Zara having a responsive supply chain has enabled it to enjoy great customer turnover due to its 5 to 6 weeks cycle clock leading to much profits as nighly the products are indeed sold at full price. Moreover being responsive has alike enabled Zara to reduce its inventories and also the forecast error. Q. why has Inditex chosen to select both(prenominal) in-house manufacturing and out firstd manufacturing?Why has Inditex keep manufacturing capacity in Europe even though manufacturing in Asia is much cheaper? A. To be responsive in the rapid ever-changing world, Inditex opted for both outsourced manufacturing, for the mathematical product of products with predictable demand, and in-house manufacturing, for the production of products with highly uncertain demand. Inditex has maintained large fraction of manufacturing capacity in Portugal and Spain (Europe) despite the higher(prenominal) cost there because this all toldows Zara to respond quickly to changing fashion trends in Europe. Q. Why does Zara source products with uncertain demand from local anaesthetic anaesthetic manufacturers and products with predictable demand from Asiatic manufacturers? A. Zaras main competitive advantage is responsiveness and to retain it Zara source products with uncertain demand from local manufacturers because local manufacturers offer fast and plastic sourcing and such products are to be delivered quick instead of at cheap (with greater lead time as it is manufactured in Asia). Whereas products with predictable demand are sourced from Asian manufacturers because outsourcing is cheaper that is products are manufactured at a low-cost.Q. Why is Zara building a new scattering amount of money as its sales grow? Is it better to have the new dissemination centre near the existing one or at a alone differen t location? A. New distribution centre (DC) is being construct by Zara in response to the increase in sales because the line of descent turnover is increasing and in order to cater the growth of sales and avoid any declination in it due to mismanagement of telephone circuit avail faculty and customers demand. Q. What advantage does Zara gain from replenishing its stores twice a week compared to a less frequent schedule?How does the frequency of rehabilitation affect the fancy of its distribution scheme? A. Frequent replenishment allows Zara to match supply and demand more effectively than the competitors. The frequency of replenishment affect the design of its distribution system in a way that the more frequent the replenishment leave take place, the more responsive and up to date the distribution system depart be go on the other circulate delayed replenishment testament also make the distribution system delayed and slow with respect to customers demand. Q. What learnin g al-Qaida does Zara need in order to operate its production, distribution, and retail network effectively? A. In order to operate the production, distribution and retail network effectively, Zara should have an information infrastructure which is highly responsive and provides timely and accurate information that helps in better decision making as well as planning and forecasting. TOYOTA A GLOBAL AUTO MANUFACTURER Q. Where should the dos be dictated and what degree of flexibleness should be built into individually?What capacity should each plant have? A. The location of the plants should be such that it complements the assembly plants and level best profitability of Toyota. Plants operating locally can be cost prohibitive, while plants that operate ball-shapedly can merely reduce the interest in local markets. Logically, Toyota should apply the global complementation strategy to turn plants, and lay plants in areas that minimize costs (currency exchange, transportation, inv entory holding, etc).This will allow them to discover local/regional agility and remain flexible enough to supply non-local factories/assembly plants however necessity. The capacity of the plant should not exceed the intercommunicate demand for local / regional manufacturing sites / assembly plants that each plant will be part of supply. The ability to adequately supply factories is essential, and each plant must(prenominal) be designed with the ability to supply factories in the region. Q. Should plants be able to produce for all markets or only specific contingence markets? A. It depends upon the location and production capacity of each plant. Furthermore, since Toyota follows the strategy of global complementation, plants must be able to supply at least one more market/region than its normally responsible for supplying. Depending on the requirements of global parts, it whitethorn be appropriate for plants to be able to supply to all markets. But in the case that markets are so differentiated that the ability for a plant to provide global supply is cost prohibitive, past a specific contingency market should be designated for each regional plant.A plant in a certain region should only serve markets in that specific region otherwise costs will inevitably go up. Q. How should markets be allocated to plants and how frequently should this apportioning be rewrite? A. The allocation of markets to plants should be as efficient as accomplishable. The standard allocation should be optimized during the planning phase. However, as markets mature, currency rates fluctuate, and demand changes, it is possible that an adjusted allocation will provide more efficiency and higher returns for Toyota.For this reason allocation should be adjusted when necessary, reviewed either annually or bi-annually, and optimized to increase efficiency and take advantage of the part plants flexibility. Q. What kind of flexibility should be built into the distribution system? A. The di stribution system should virtually monitor the flexibility of the global complementation strategy. The regional distribution should be optimized between the factories and supply of parts. However, when adjustments are made to the allocation, it will be necessary for cost-effective distribution to occur between plants and factories to non-local markets.Q. How should this flexible investment be valued? A. The flexible investment should be highly valued as this will lead Toyota to capture the demand and the income of non-local markets where the local cost, demand, etc declines. The flexible production and distribution will prevent idle facilities and reduced profits during stinting downturns. And moreover, through the integration of flexible production and distribution, supply chain of Toyota will have greater access to markets and has the potential to capture greater value. Q. What actions may be taken during product design to facilitate this flexibility? A. in that respect should b e uniformity between global products which will provide the most cost effective means to facilitate flexibility between local plants and factories. During the product design, engineers must prepare the elements that maximize both the uniformity and catch local needs. This flexibility will help the plants and factories looking for the pieces to produce for non local markets and reducing dependencies and vulnerabilities of operating in specific local markets.

Fate vs. Free Will

Although the gods know what ones life will be before he lives it, man still has the freewill to live as he wills. doom is an egressidet or action which Is destined to happen in a particular way whereas freewill is the ability to act In a elan which is not catchd by predestination. I believe that these two philosophical concepts Influence the outcome of one another. The basic Interpretation of this truism direction that the gods know what our lives argon going to be Like from the kickoff morsel of birth o our last moment of death, and this ideology refers to fate.During the duration amongst these two important points, man has the ability to go about and spot to do whatever he may desire, and this ideology refers to freewill. The gods know what choices you are going to make as well as its result. Personally I am able to relate on how fate and freewill influence the outcome of each other. In my religion, it is believed that life in an ongoing regular recurrence and that the p erson who you are in one life will involve the person who you will be in your next life.Likewise a few medical problems, such(prenominal) as high cholesterol and diabetes, run In my family. The elders try their best to encourage each other to remain certain about the health conditions. deep I have had two deaths In my family relevant to health- related problems. My uncle died to the fatal effects of diabetes and my great- grandmother died overdue to a weight-related Illness. Before these two very Important and influential people even thought about the poor choices they were intending to make, the gods already knew what the outcome would be.Carols Irwin Settees, also know as by his stage-name Charlie Sheen, was born into a family of renowned actor and actresses and it was assumed, or likewise destined, for him to follow in his family footsteps. However, the outcome of his life did not turn out to be what was expected. This happened when he came across two course of actions the p ath of righteousness and the path of wrongdoing. Unfortunately, Charlie Sheen took the wrong path which guide to the corporeal and emotional destruction of his life and career.This path included alcohol and medicine abuse and marital problems, as well as allegations of committing domestic violence. This led to his ejection from the hit video recording series Two and a half(prenominal) Men. This scenario portrays how Charlie Sheen was able to go about himself and take whichever actions he in demand(p) to do, but the gods already knew what the outcome of his life would be. Fate vs Free pass on By divvy_ran freewill to live as he wills. Fate is an event or action which is destined to happen in a meshed way whereas freewill is the ability to act in a manner which is not influence the outcome of one another.The basic interpretation of this adage means that the gods know what our lives are going to be like from the first moment of birth Likewise a few medical problems, such as hig h cholesterol and diabetes, run in my health conditions. Recently I have had two deaths in my family relevant to health- grandmother died due to a weight-related illness. Before these two very important hit television series Two and a Half Men. This scenario portrays how Charlie Sheen

Absolute Lymphocyte And Cd4 Count Health And Social Care Essay

Cluster of differentiation 4 numerations have choke a standard step of immunodeficiency in grownups give with HIV in resource rich runries. However bulk of HIV positive stack at once live in underdeveloped states which are resource miserable lending to near 80 % of the planetary portion. World Health nerve ( WHO ) guidelines lie with that absolute lymph cell cypher ( ALC ) may be use to do interference determination in resource hapless scenes when CD4 count is non available. Whereas ALC is an catchpenny(prenominal) and utile sucker for presenting disease, the informations measuring the public-service corporation of ALC as cheap alternate marker of CD4 cell count to steer curative determinations is conflicting. absolute majority of HIV positive people now live in developing states interchangeable in Sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia lending to about 80 % of the planetary portion 1 . It is in each case true that this is overly the part where there is resource r estriction to turn to the job like scarceness of CD4 appraisal counters to take up ART and fol pitiable-up. Access to ART is now turning. CD4 counts have become a standard step of immunodeficiency in grownups septic with HIV in resource rich countries where the load of the pandemic is low 3 . Mindful of this job, the current guidelines from World Health Organization ( WHO ) acknowledge that entire lymph cell count ( TLC ) may be use to do intervention determination in resource hapless scenes when CD4 count is non available and patients are mildly diagnostic 4 .Absolute lymph cell Count ( ALC ) is an cheap and utile marker for presenting disease, foretelling patterned go along to AIDS and decease and monitor response to ART. The principle for the WHO s pass is that most surveies cerebrate a diminution in TLC was powerfully correlated with a diminution in CD4 count, though there were many disagreements 5-10 . However the informations measuring the public-service corporatio n of ALC as cheap alternate marker of CD4 cell count to steer curative determinations is conflicting including a new-fangled study which menti championd that ALC & lt 1200 cells/mm3 was non optimum for placing patients necessitating ART since it showed low feeling and specificity to foretell CD4 count below 200 cells/mm3 10,11 .The quite a little was conducted at our infirmary which is besides a regional HIV/AIDS referral Centre. Over 35 patients are work throughn all(a)(prenominal) hebdomad including new and follow up instances. The infirmary provides HIV forethought such as guidance, intervention of timeserving infections, out patient either bit good as in patient attention and all HIV related complications and lab visitations ( including CD4 lymph cell count trials for all instances and outsourced viral burden proving in choice instances ) , all set free of cost. The infirmary besides provides information to patients refering the benefit of ART and entree to drugs. El igible patients with CD4 & lt 350 cells/mm3 or WHO clinical phase 4 are started on ART which is besides provided free of cost. The patient spectrum includes instances with HIV infection both with and without ART and besides round who have advanced AIDS.From May 2009 to Jun 2010, two hundred and forty one back-to-back patients seen at our HIV/AIDS referral Centre who had obtained Complete channel count ( CBC ) and CD4 measurings on the same transmission line sample, were eligible for the check out. These survey topics were assessed for clinical unwellnesss on the same twenty-four hours as the lab trial measurings. A standardised information aggregation signifier was plumpd for for each one patient. Patient information on registration included demographics, clinical and science lab data.Complete past medical records of all patients were either in their ownership or in our informations bank, our Centre being the regional referral Centre for HIV/AIDS. each the patients were eva luated for current age, manner of sensing of HIV ( voluntary showing or high hazard exam ) and twelvemonth of sensing of HIV infection. every past medical records were perused. wholly patients were subjected to a elaborate history and complete clinical scrutiny for marks of HIV disease or new(prenominal) timeserving infections. Two survey doctors determined the WHO clinical stage10.All patients underwent depth psychology for CD4+ T cell count at first sensing, six monthly for first one and half old ages and annually thenceforth. A raw material Hemogram, urine analysis, Liver map trials and serum creatinine was carried out. Screening for pox, hepatitis B and C was besides done. Annually Chest X beam and ultrasound of the venters was done. Computerised visualize ( CT ) scan of venters, caput and thorax was carried out in relevant instances. Baseline and thenceforth two annual Mantoux trial was done. Baseline and thenceforth two annual Toxoplasma, Herpes Simplex virus 1 & A 2 a nd Cytomegalovirus antibody titers of IgG and IgM were besides done. Consecutive tilt records were besides maintained. Any other relevant trials required for intervention of any specific instances were besides undertaken. Laboratory information included CD4 measured by a FACS Counter and complete blood counts by manual manner including haemoglobin ( Hb ) ( Sahliaaa?s method ) , white blood cell count ( WBC ) and Absolute lymph cell count ( ALC ) . All blood indices were done on the same sample for each patient. feel Control is monitored by internal controls and external proficiency plans. Quality authorization and Quality Improvement Programs are in place.The informations set was de-identified and no references, merely identifiers or patient visit day of the months were included. The infirmary moralss commission reviewed the survey and cleared it for farther processing.A survey in 2004-05, in atomic number 63 and USA reported that absolute lymph cell count was a lovesome forec aster of short-run disease patterned advance, being merely marginally less prognostic than CD4-cell per centum in the pediatric population. However Johnson et Al ( 2009 ) concluded that low absolute lymph cell count did non correlate with terrible immunosuppression establish on CD4 cell count in pediatric HIV infected population. Harmonizing to the WHO s general rule to steer determination doing approximately when to originate ART in resource hapless scenes, a wider handiness of CD4 testing is indispensable. However, the scarceness of this engineering should nt be a cause to discourage intervention while the patient s status deteriorates if there is entree to ALC and recognition of clinical presenting 4 . Several surveies revealed moderately equal sensitiveness and specificity to see ALC as a value step for CD4 5-10 .Gupta and co-workers ( 2007 ) , observed low sensitiveness and specificity of ALC as an surrogate marker to originate ART. As it was reported by Jacobson and co-w orkers ( 2003 ) , ALC may still be used in resource exceptional country with the apprehension of its low sensitiveness and specificity. Stebbing and co-workers besides indicated that despite minimally less dependability of TLC as a alternate for CD4, ALC is of result tool in the absence of expensive equipment to mensurate CD4.Current WHO guidelines fall 2009, in resource-limited scenes clinical supervising alone may be an cream for the first 2 old ages of intervention. We agree with the present consensus that clinical monitoring entirely may be better option than trusting on ALC. It is clip that we call drapes down on ALC as a foster marker of CD4 counts.

Marketing Plan Chevrolet Essay

A murder approximation is a check start and discussion of an employees military operation of appoint duties and responsibilities. The appraisal is based on results obtained by the employee in his/her caper, not on the employees personality characteristics. The appraisal mea indisputables skills and accomplishments with reasonable accuracy and uniformity. It provides a track to help identify beas for work enhancement and to help promote skipper growth. It should not, however, be considered the supervisory programs only confabulation tool. Open lines of communication throughout the year help to make effective working relationships. In Chevrolet each employee is entitled to a thoughtful and c atomic number 18ful appraisal. The success of the act upon depends on the supervisors willingness to complete a constructive and impersonal appraisal and on the employees willingness to respond to constructive suggestions and to work with the supervisor to reach future goals. In Chevr olet it is authoritative for them to let the satisfaction of their customers as spark off of their agate line.As the c all in aller needed employees who will help them in obtaining their goals, they make sure to induce excellent agents or dealers to gain more(prenominal) customers in market. The services which they offer to their buyers be based to the public presentations of their car dealers and agents who carry on their products. As having an integrated performance appraisal, the Chevrolet handle their employees with a synchronization on their instruction that will help them to comprise more strategies, goals of the friendship and the proper plan for them to be marketable in their business. Chevrolet has their records of their sales on their cars and the direct of performances of their dealers and agents. As managing a business that needed to sell in a high monetary value of prices but giving customers a satisfaction and goodness value of their products, the company needs to check and monitor the employee who sells and market the products. episodic brushups help the supervisors of Chevrolet gain a better understanding of each employees abilities. The goal of the review accomplish is to recognize accomplishment, to evaluate job progress, and thence to design training for the encourage organic evolution of skills and strengths. A c beful review will stimulate employees interest and improve job performance.The review provides the employee, the supervisor, the Vice President, and Human Resources a critical, formal feedback mechanism on an one-year basis however these discussions should not be restricted solely to a formal annual review. Annually, the appropriate supervisor evaluates each employees performance. In the case where an employee has changed jobs serving- expressive style through the appraisal flowing, both of the employees supervisors during the appraisal period should submit an appraisal of the employees performance. During the performance evaluation turn, the most modern job description on file with Human Resources will be reviewed and updated if unavoidable, by both the employee and the supervisor. The Chevrolet employees are reviewed for a requital step-up, annually. The amount of the salary increase pool of funds is recommended by the administration and approved by the Board of Trustees.The method for allocating funds is based on respecting meritorious performance. Merit increases will be awarded on a pay-for-performance basis and are based on individual performance. When used as intended, a pay-for-performance structure achieves the goal of rewarding truly top performers with merit increases that match their achievements and contributions. These bases of performances of the employees are one way of recognizing the job that they worked hard for the company. The company wanted to increase the level of good shade services for their employees for them to have the loyalty of their customers. This reward to their dealers and agents are persuading them to enhance the ability and performances in marketing their products. The goal of Chevrolet is to give satisfaction and needs to their customers and to their future buyers.The companys surgical butt assessment asshole help the company to obtain the following objectives To curb records in order to determine compensation packages, wage structure, salaries raises, etc and to identify the strengths and weaknesses of employees to place proper men on right job, to maintain and assess the potential typify in a person for further growth and development, to provide a feedback to employees regarding their performance and related status, to provide a feedback to employees regarding their performance and related status. It too serves as a basis for influencing working habits of the employees and to review and retain the promotional and other training programmes. It is said that performance appraisal is an investment for the company w hich corporation be justified by following advantages Performance assessment helps the supervisors to chalk out the promotion programmes for efficient employees. In this regards, inefficient workers great deal be dismissed or demoted in case. It rump help in chalking out compensation packages for employees.Merit rating is possible through performance appraisal. Performance Appraisal tries to give worth to a performance. Compensation packages which ack instantaneouslyledge bonus, high salary rates, extra benefits, allowances and pre-requisites are dependent on performance appraisal. The criteria should be merit rather than seniority. The systematic procedure of performance appraisal helps the supervisors to frame training policies and programmes. It helps to analyse strengths and weaknesses of employees so that new jobs bear be designed for efficient employees. It as well as helps in framing future development programmes. Performance Appraisal helps the supervisors to understa nd the validity and importance of the weft procedure. The supervisors gain to know the validity and in that respectby the strengths and weaknesses of selection procedure.Future changes in selection methods can be make in this regard. For an organization, effective communication surrounded by employees and employers is very important. Through performance appraisal, communication can be want for in the following ways the employers can understand and accept skills of subordinates the subordinates can excessively understand and create a trust and confidence in superiors. It also helps in maintaining cordial and congenial labor management relationship. It develops the sense of smell of work and boosts the morale of employees. All the above factors ensure effective communication. The Performance appraisal of the company serves as a motivation tool. Through evaluating performance of employees, a persons efficiency can be compulsive if the targets are achieved. This very well motiva tes a person for better job and helps him to improve his performance in the future. living round of golf costThe Life cycle cost is a method of calculating the organic cost of a carnal asset throughout its life. Life-cycle be is concerned with all be of ownership and takes account of the be incurred by an asset from its skill to its disposal, including design, installation, operate, and precaution cost. There are four major benefits of Life Cycle Cost analysis and it is evaluation of competing options in purchasing, improved awareness of total cost, more accurate forecasting of cost profiles and performance trade-off against cost.When the Chevrolet is proviso the acquisition of a major asset, organizations spend considerable time and thrust in making an economic evaluation of the initial (capital) cost. This evaluation typically considers the required size or capacity of the item, operating performance requirements, physical appearance or image projected, the capital cost , and alternative product options.The company future cost are less visible, as they are oft hidden within general operating expenses, but they can have a significant impact on the future viability of the organization. The scale of these cost depends on the level and frequency of usage of the asset.There are also broader environmental implications that flow from the decision to acquire a major asset. Resources are used during the creation, operation and disposal phases, with the potential to affect environmental sustainability, and there may also be direct environmental impacts. The study of these broader materializations is very much termed life-cycle assessment. This guide does not specifically address these broader issues but they should be part of a complete assessment of the merit of a specific project.The use of be is an integral part of the asset management process and is a common element of many of the asset managers tools, especially Economic Appraisal, Financial Apprai sal, Value Management, Risk Management and Demand Management. suppuration pressure to achieve better outcomes from assets means that ongoing operating and maintenance be must be considered as they consume more resources over the assets service life. Both the capital and the ongoing operating and maintenance costs must be considered wherever asset management decisions involving costs are made. This is the Life Cycle Cost tone-beginning.Quality CostingImproving woodland is considered by many to be the best way to enhance customer satisfaction, to snub manufacturing costs and to increase productivity. Any practiced attempt to improve tonicity must take into account the costs associated with achieving tone of voice, since nowadays it does not suffice to meet customer requirements, it must be code at the lowest possible cost as well. This can only happen by reducing the costs needed to achieve quality, and the reduction of these costs is only possible if they are identified an d measured. The acknowledgment itself is not straightforward because there is no general agreement on a single broad definition of quality costs.However, according to Dale and Plunkett (1995), it is now widely accepted that quality costs are the costs incurred in the design, implementation, operation and maintenance of a quality management system, the cost of resources move to continuous improvement, the costs of system, product and service unsuccessful persons, and all other necessary costs and non-value added activities required to achieve a quality product or service. Measuring and reporting these costs should be considered a critical issue for any manager who aims to achieve competitiveness in todays markets. These are costs that can be only estimated such as profits not earned because of lost customers and reduction in taxation owing to non-conformance. The importance of opportunity and in overt costs for quality costing has been recently emphasized in the literature.The pr actice of costing quality is the combination of two important elements the first is to analyse the cost of each part of a process and identify areas where savings may be made the second is the right first time approach. Of course people dont just need to do things right, they need to be sure they are doing the right things.The aim of a quality costing process is to maximize quality while minimizing cost. A sound quality costing programme will measure the cost of quality aim to obligate and reduce it and, continually monitor it as a measure of progress.The process of quality costing is, on the whole, one of negative analysis sooner of strengths, it looks for weaknesses. This may be a painful exercise, be prepared for that. nevertheless remember that by identifying costs you can take steps to reduce them. Ignoring ineffectiveness and myopic quality is rather like the ostrich approach to management if I dont see it, it wont hurt me.It is useful to bear in mind that the best busi ness with which to compare quality costs is your own. If you introduce quality cost measuring stick activities twice a year you will soon have selective information to compare.The Chevrolet cost categories in the quality planning is one of the most important and had prioritized by the company for them to achieved customer satisfaction. The company offer products with good materials to maintain the quality but with affordable prices. The companys prevention costs support activities whose purpose is to reduce the number of defects. Chevrolet employs many techniques to prevent defects, for poser statistical process control, quality engineering, training, and a variety of tools from total quality management (TQM). Prevention costs admit activities relating to quality circles and statistical process control.Quality circles consist of small groups of employees that meet on a steadfast basis to discuss ways to improve quality. Both management and workers are included in these circles. An out of control process results in risky units and may be caused by a miscalibrated machine or roughly other factor. In statistical process control, workers use charts to monitor the quality of units that pass through their workstations. With these charts, workers can quickly spot processes that are out of control and that are creating defects. Problems can be immediately corrected and further defects prevented rather than waiting for an inspector to catch the defect later.Any speculative parts and products should be caught as early as possible in the production process in the company. Appraisal costs, which are some(prenominal)times called critical review costs, are incurred to identify defective products before the products are shipped to customers. Unfortunately execute appraisal activates doesnt keep defects from happening again and most managers gather in now that maintaining an army of inspectors is a costly and ineffective approach to quality control. Employees are i ncreasingly being asked to be responsible for their own quality control. This approach along with designing products to be easy to manufacture properly, allows quality to be built into products rather than relying on inspections to get the defects out.Failure costs are incurred when a product fails to conform to its design specifications. Failure costs can be either internal or external. Internal sorrow costs result from identification of defects before they are shipped to customers. These costs include scrap, rejected products, reworking of defective units, and downtime caused by quality problem. This also experienced by the company and the more effective the companys appraisal activities the greater the chance of catching defects internally and the greater the level of internal misadventure costs. This is the price that is paid to avoid incurring external failure costs, which can be devastating for the company.When a defective product is delivered to customer, external failure c ost is the result. External failure costs include warranty, repairs and replacements, product recalls, liability arising from legal actions against a company, and lost sales arising from a reputation for poor quality. Such costs can decimate profits. External failure costs usually give rise to another intangible cost. These intangible costs are hidden costs that involve the companys image. They can be three or four times greater than tangible costs. Missing a deadline or other quality problems can be intangible costs of quality. Internal failure costs, external failure costs and intangible costs that impair the goodwill of the company occur receivable to a poor quality so these costs are also known as costs of poor quality by some persons.

Mobile Technology Essay

unsettled technology is the technology used for cellular communication. Mobile enter division multiple access (CDMA) technology has evolved rapidly over the one-time(prenominal) few familys. Since the start of this millennium, a standard mobile device has bypast from being no more than a simple two-way beeper to being a mobile phone, GPS navigation device, an embedded web browser and instant messaging client, and a handheld game console. Mevery experts designate that the future of computer technology rests in mobile computing with tuner networking. Mobile computing by way of tcapablet computers are nice more popular. The most popular tablet at the moment is the iPad, by apple. Tablets are available on the 3G and 4G networks.Contents1 4G networking2 in operation(p) systems3 Channel hogging and file sharing4 Future of smartphone5 External links6 References4G networkingOne of the most important features in the 4G mobile networks is the domination of high-speed packet transmi ssions or burst job in the channels. The same codes used in the 2G-3G networks will be employ to future 4G mobile or receiving set networks, the detection of actually before long bursts will be a serious problem due to their very poor partial correlation properties. Recent study has indicated that traditional multi-layer network architecture based on the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model whitethorn not be well suited for 4G mobile network, where transactions of gip packets will be the major part of the traffic in the channels. As the packets from different mobiles carry completely different channel characteristics, the receiver should race all necessary algorithms, such as channel estimation, interactions with all f number layers and so on, within a very short time to nettle the detections of each packet flawless and even to reduce the clutter of traffic.operating(a) systemsMany types of mobile operating systems (OS) are available for smartphones, including Android, BlackBerry OS, webOS, iOS, Symbian, Windows Mobile Professional (touch screen), Windows Mobile mensuration (non-touch screen), and Bada. Among the most popular are the Apple iPhone, and the newest Android. Android is a mobile operating system (OS) developed by Google. Android is the first completely open source mobile OS, essence that it is free to any cell phone carrier. The Apple iPhone, which has several OSs give care the 3G and 3G S, is the most popular smart phone at this time, because of its customizable OS which you ass use to transfer applications (apps) made by Apple homogeneous games, GPS, Utilities, and other(a) tools. Any user pot also create their own Apps and loose them to Apples App Store.The Palm Pre using webOS has functionality over the Internet and can support Internet-based programming languages such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), HTML, and JavaScript. The Research In Motion (RIM) BlackBerry is a smartphone with a multimedia player and third-party software system installation. The Windows Mobile Professional Smartphones (Pocket PC or Windows Mobile PDA) are like that of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and have touchscreen abilities. The Windows Mobile Standard does not have a touch screen but uses a intersectball, touchpad, rockers, etc. The original smartphone OS is Symbian, with a rich history and the largest marketshare until 2011. Although no single Symbian device has sold as many units as the iPhone, Nokia and other manufacturers (currently including Sony Ericsson and Samsung, and previously Motorola) release a wide variety of Symbian models each year which gave Symbian the greatest marketshare.Channel hogging and file sharingThere will be a hit to file sharing, the normal web surfer would motive to look at a new web varlet each minute or so at 100 kbs a page loads quickly. Because of the changes to the security of wireless networks users will be unable to do huge file transfers because service providers want to re duce channel use. AT&T claimed that they would ban any of their users that they caught using peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing applications on their 3G network. It then became apparent that it would keep any of their users from using their iTunes programs. The users would then be forced to find a Wi-Fi hotspot to be able to download files. The limits of wireless networking will not be cured by 4G, as there are too many fundamental differences between wireless networking and other means of Internet access. If wireless vendors do not pretend these differences and bandwidth limits, future wireless customers will find themselves disappointed and the market may suffer setback.Future of smartphoneThe next generation of smartphones are going to be context-aware, taking advantage of the growing availability of embedded physical detectors and information exchange abilities. One of the main features applying to this is that the phones will start keeping track of your personal data, but adapt to anticipate the information you will desire based on your intentions. There will be all-new applications coming issue with the new phones, one of which is an X-Ray device that reveals information about any location at which you point your phone. One thing companies are ontogenesis software to take advantage of more accurate location-sensing data.How they described it was as wanting to make the phone a virtual mouse able to click the real world. An example of this is where you can point the phones camera while having the live feed open and it will constitute text with the building and saving the location of the building for use in the future. Along with the future of a smart phone comes the future of another(prenominal) device. Omnitouch is a device in which applications can be viewed and used on your hand, arm, wall, desk, or any other everyday surface. The device uses a sensor touch interface, which enables the user to access all the functions through the use of feel touch. I t was developed at Carnegie Mellon University. This device uses a projector and camera that is worn on the persons shoulder, with no controls other than the users fingers. quoteI have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been doable without the kind support and help oneself of many individuals and organizations. I would like to devolve my sincere convey to all of them.I am highly indebted(predicate) to (Name of your Organization Guide) for their guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of (Organization Name)for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project.I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons for giving me such attention and time.My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the projec t and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.